These controversies concerning the relationships amid citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs could be because of the ways that OCBs are measured. Within the literature, OCBs have often been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are unable to identify the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4